Women in Motion

Susan Blatt, MD

Physicians examine the thyroid by feeling the neck during swallowing. General enlargement of the gland is called goiter. Small enlarged areas may be called nodules. In many cases of hypothyroidism the thyroid feels normal. Blood tests are used to determine the level of thyroid hormone. Ultrasound and other tests may also be used to evaluate the gland.

The cause of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may not be known. Either condition can happen at any time throughout life. Thyroid disease may be diagnosed as a result of symptoms developing or it may be found as the result of routine blood tests. Women may have thyroid problems during or after pregnancy. Some of the medications used for mental disorders such as lithium may cause hypothyroidism. Thyroid nodules may be benign growths or they may represent thyroid cancer.

Symptoms of thyroid deficiency include tiredness, constipation, menstrual irregularity and puffiness around the eyes. Mental processes and speech slow down also. Hypothyroid children may stop growing taller. In older persons, the tiredness and slowness of hypothyroidism may be confused with the normal aging process. For that reason, it is important to screen older persons for thyroid problems every few years. Hyperthyroidism causes irritability, nervousness, and a fast heart rate or palpitations.

Treatment for thyroid deficiency is to use thyroid hormone pills. This medication is given daily. Blood tests are used to make sure the dosage is correct. Treatment for hyperthyroidism is more difficult and is usually managed by an endocrinologist. In both cases, treatment is generally necessary throughout life.